These are listed below:

• Availability management
• Network design
• Non-functional needs analysis

An 'IT Solution' comprises a set of software components which, using a combination of hardware and communications infrastructure, provides the capability to automate one or more business processes. Comprehensive Systems design can only be completed after a Business analysis stage, the outcome of which is a documented business requirement. The design process covers what the IT solution will do (the specification), and how it will be done (the design).

However, for some types of business process, the flexibility and productivity of current development methods allow an iterative approach to be taken. An outline design leads to a prototype solution, which is reviewed and refined until it is deemed to be complete, or 'fit for purpose'. This means that the prototyping becomes part of the design cycle.

Though this approach may appear less formal than the traditional approach, and may appear to produce a working solution, it is still essential to ensure that 'non-functional' aspects (such as access controls, back-up and recovery) are considered, and to fully document the design.

Design includes consideration of how the IT Solution will be tested, signed off, and implemented.

Tools and Techniques include:

• Translation of business analysis products (such as data structures, data flows and process models) from ‘logical’ to ‘physical’ models
• Quantitative analysis and prediction of data storage requirements, transaction volumes, communications, etc. to ensure that performance requirements can be met
• Elements of SSADM (Structured System Analysis and Design Method)
• DSDM (Dynamic Systems Design Method)
• RAD (Rapid Application Development)
• Prototyping software, to facilitate design and testing of user interfaces, and basic functionality.

The UCAS site www.ucas.com offers information on full-time and part-time foundation degree courses throughout the UK. Courses in Computer Systems Engineering or Business Information Technology should provide a sound basis. There are many other course titles listed. Practical experience gained in programming and systems analysis will contribute relevant competence.

The BCS www.bcs.org/careers provides information on careers.

There are many career opportunities in this area, ranging from software development companies, to hardware manufacturers, and many commercial organisations who undertake in-house application development. A web search on 'Systems design careers' will provide plenty of options.